Parashat Re'eh presents the precious mitzvah of tzedakah, the obligation to lend financial assistance to those in need:
לא תאמץ את לבבך ולא תקפוץ את ידך מאחיך האביון. כי פתח תפתח את ידך לו...
Do not harden your heart and do not shut your hand from your brother, the pauper. Rather, you shall open your hand to him…
A famous pasuk in Mishleh (10:2) teaches וצדקה תציל ממות– "and charity saves from death."
On one level, this means that charity saves the recipient from death. Poverty can be a form of "death." A person living in a constant state of financial stress does not truly live. By relieving a person's financial strain, one effectively restores his life. And, in reward, Hashem saves the donor from fatal decrees that had been issued against him.
But additionally, charity saves from death in the sense that it defines the essence of life. We earn the privilege of continuing to live if we fulfill the purpose for which we were put here in the first place – to open our hands, to give, to contribute.
In the Book of Shemuel I we read the story of Naval, a wealthy man to whom David sent his men to ask for food and provisions while they were are in the run. Naval rudely and apathetically rejected their request and turned them away. Soon thereafter, G-d killed him. This was a man who lived with his fists tightly clenched, keeping everything he was given for himself, and refusing to share it with anybody. Therefore, he did not deserve to live another day. If a person is not giving, then he cannot continue living – because giving is the essence of life.
Appropriately, this man was named נבל, which means "repugnant" or "disgraceful." Living with clenched fists is disgraceful. It is a betrayal of the very purpose of life.
It hurts to see people who have so much but refuse to share what they have with others. We are created precisely for the purpose of פתוח תפתח את ידך, opening our hands and giving to other people. We are here not to make the world perfect – something only G-d can do – but rather to live with open hands, to help anyone we are capable of helping in any way we can.
The Gemara (Berachot 4b) teaches that one who recites three times each day the chapter of Tehillim known to us as Ashreh (145) is guaranteed a share in the next world. The reason this chapter is so special, the Gemara explains, is because of one particular pasuk in this chapter: פותח את ידיך ומשביע לכל חי רצון – "You open Your hands and satiate every living creature who wants." When we pray, we acknowledge the fact that Hashem is פותח את ידיך ומשביע, that He provides our needs. And if we want Him to "open His hands" to give to us, then we must open our hands to give to others.
A pasuk elsewhere in Tehillim (121:5) describes Hashem as our "shadow": ה' שומריך ה' צלך על יד ימינך – "Hashem is your protector; Hashem is your shadow on your right side." This has been explained to mean that G-d acts towards us in accordance with the way we act. When we walk in the sun and produce a shadow, the shadow does what we do. If we lift our right arm, the shadow's right arm is raised. If we move our left leg, the shadow's left leg moves. Hashem is our "shadow" in the sense that He mimics our conduct. The more generous and giving we are to other people, the more generous and giving He is to us. And the more passion, energy and zeal we invest in giving, the more He steps in to assist us in our efforts.