The Halacha below
was generated by AI based on multiple classes given by Rabbi Eli Mansour in the
Bekiim B'Halacha series. Click on any of the dates below to hear the original
audio file. This write-up has been reviewed, but if any errors remain, we welcome
corrections.
06-16-25; 06-17-25
One of the more
commonly encountered questions during the Three Weeks concerns music. Is it
permissible to listen to music during this period? What about recorded music,
or music intended to help a person focus, relax, or stay awake? And is singing
permitted even if instruments are not?
This Halacha
examines the nature of the restriction, its halachic basis, and when—if
ever—music might be allowed.
What Is the
Source for This Custom?
The custom to
refrain from music during Ben HaMesarim is not explicitly found in the Gemara.
Rather, it evolved as part of the broader mourning practices adopted after the
destruction of the Bet HaMikdash. Music brings joy and emotional upliftment,
and is therefore seen as inappropriate during a period meant for national
reflection and sorrow.
The Rambam
(Hilchot Ta'aniyot 5:14) writes that after the Hurban (destruction of the Bet
HaMikdash), the Sages enacted decrees to limit expressions of joy, such as
music and dancing. Although this was not originally specific to the Three
Weeks, over time the practice was incorporated into this period to align with
the overall spirit of mourning.
Does This Apply
to All Music—Even Recorded?
Yes. Most Poskim
today apply the restriction to both live and recorded music. Even if the
original decree referred to instruments and public festivities, recorded music
triggers the same emotional experience of joy and is therefore avoided.
This includes
music played casually at home, in the car, or on headphones. Background music
in stores or commercials is not the listener's intent and may be permitted.
Some Poskim draw
a distinction between upbeat, celebratory music versus neutral or calming
music. However, the general rule is to avoid music that provides emotional
enjoyment.
What About Music
for Practical Use—Exercise, Focus, or Sleep?
There is room for
leniency when music serves a functional purpose rather than
entertainment. For example:
A person using soft background music to help them focus while working or
studying.
Someone who cannot fall asleep without relaxing music.
A person who requires rhythmic music for exercise or therapy.
In such cases,
some authorities are lenient, especially before Rosh Hodesh Ab. Still, one
should try to use instrumental or neutral tracks and avoid upbeat or joyous
songs.
Is Singing
Without Instruments Permitted?
Yes. Singing
without instruments is generally permitted throughout the Three Weeks,
including the Nine Days. However, one should refrain from overly joyous or
festive singing.
This is
especially true during learning or prayer, where singing a Pasuk or Zemirot is
part of the experience. Even singing Shabbat Zemirot at home is encouraged as
part of Oneg Shabbat.
Music at a
Se'udat Misva
At a Se'udat
Misva—such as a Brit Mila, Pidyon Haben, Siyum Masechet, or Sheva Berachot—some
authorities permit live or recorded music, even during the Three Weeks. The joy
is centered around the Misva, and therefore the usual mourning restrictions are
eased.
Still, many avoid
music during the Nine Days (Rosh Hodesh Ab through Tisha B'Ab) even at a
Se'udat Misva unless absolutely necessary.
Summary
Music is generally avoided during the Three Weeks as part of mourning
the Hurban (destruction of the Bet HaMikdash).
The restriction includes both live and recorded music.
Leniency exists for functional uses (focus, sleep, exercise), especially
before Rosh Hodesh Ab.
Singing without instruments is permitted, particularly for prayer or
learning.
Music at a Se'udat Misva may be allowed but should be avoided during the
Nine Days unless warranted.
