Perek shelishi (third chapter), masechet Berachot, daf yud-zayin amud bet (page 17b), inda, bat ramudbet. “Mi shemeto mutal lefanav, patur (exempt) mikriat Kriat Shema, umin hatefillah (prayer), umin hatefillin (phylacteries), umikol mitzvot (commandments) ha'amurot baTorah.” He's talking about somebody who just lost a family member, who is going to have to do the Avelut (mourning) for, and they met him in front of him—Dashil, if you should—since his mind is preoccupied with organizing all the necessary arrangements for the Kivura, for the burial.
So this guy is patur from Kriat Shema because his mind is racing. He's patur mishum tirda de-mitzvah (preoccupation over a mitzvah). So here's the big Hiddush (novel insight). We're not saying he's patur because he's actually doing a mitzvah, because if he were patur because he's actually doing a mitzvah, then he's not—yeah, it's like a regular case.
Is the chatan (groom) patur from all the mitzvot, or are we talking specifically about Kriat Shema because it requires kavanah (intention)? Meaning, what other mitzvot? I'm trying to compare this specifically. I would like to say that I don't know, because the chatan is a good question. Is the chatan patur from all the mitzvot? No, the chatan was not patur from all the mitzvot. I need Kriat Shema at night. The chatan was patur from Kriat Shema at night. So the question is: Is this person whose meto lefanav is patur from Kriat Shema because of tirda, and the rest for a different reason? That's what you want to say? So tefillah is not because of tirda, tefillin is not because of tirda; it's all because of tirda.
My question is, what about the chatan? You assume that the chatan gets married because of the nightfall. I'm talking about the Kormis Votam. So what about the Kormis Votam? I don't know. Excellent remark.
So again, there are two ways to learn this. Go back to the chatan. Before the chatan, you said there were two ways to learn it: one concept of Osek b'Mitzvah patur min ha-Mitzvah, and one concept of chatan patur. It's called tirdat mitzvah. My mind is preoccupied with the coming, upcoming mitzvah. I'm already engaged in, you know, close enough to that actual mitzvah, because otherwise, two weeks before, he's already—no, right? So it's two different things, right? One was osek b'mitzvah mamash (actually); he's already in the mitzvah. One is before the mitzvah.
Here the Ashish is telling, but this one is before the mitzvah. He's not doing the Kivura, he's not carrying the man, he's making Fonko, you know, he's arranging things. He's not doing the mitzvah. He's prior to the mitzvah. He's patur like the chatan.
Is the chatan patur from all the mitzvot? I thought, no, we only saw the chatan in the context of Kriat Shema. By the way, the source was in Kriat Shema. If we before, why would it be any different? I thought it's because you can't have kavanah because of kavanah. What did we say in the Gemara there? It's all in the Shema now, in Kriat Shema, and the Mishnah says, “Chatan patur mi-Kriat Shema la-layla harishonah (on the first night).” Why do we talk only about Kriat Shema? Because that's the Subyat. It could be other things. Who said it's not the next morning? He says, “I'm not saying Shabbat Zichai and Gat Shema in the morning.” Probably patur also. Why? He did them as well, right? No, he didn't. Until Shabbat. Shabbat is not the question; it's just a question. Look, Gemara meforeshet (explicit), daf tet-zayin amud bet (page 17b). Go back. Amud bet.
Look at the top. What does it say? It says, “But it has to be in every mitzvah.” It says so in the Torah, except for the tefillin. That I said in the NPR. It says, “You will depart from the law. You will depart from the mitzvah. You will depart.” But it has to be in every mitzvah. It says so in the Torah.
What about the tefillin? The old woman, the woman, the woman, and they say, “Instead of saying that, no, no, no.” But instead of saying the bar mitzvah of such a person, it says that the tefillin is of that person. You write it with a mem. Yeah, with a mem. That's a whole different level, huh? That's a high level of—
What about two extra candles on the Chanukah (Festival of Lights)? No one, only regarding the back of the car, one extra candle, not four. Why? First night to every day. Let's see the Rambam. Some Syrians do some. So tonight you're going to put out five candles. Another nes (miracle). Not all, some, but they put an extra. What happens on the eighth night?
No, not on the filial, not on the filial. It's always on the side, a basito, a basito. They don't have an extra. When my kids were small—can I read the Rambam? Yes, I'll tell the story. The Santa had work chances. I made them make a Chanukiah (Hanukkah lamp) with it. Nassim, Babadi, Tostanim, and Jersey. One day. Extra candle on the side.
The Rambam wants to finish with his story: “Nashim va'avadim p'turim mikriat Shema, umelamdim et haketanim likrotah be'onatah, umvarechin lefanaiha, achareiha, lechanchem bemitzvot” (Women and slaves are exempt from reciting the Shema; children are taught to recite it at its proper time, and blessings are recited before and after it to accustom them to the commandments). “Mi shehayah... v'tarud... nechpas bidvar mitzvah.” He's caught up with the mitzvah, with the preparation for a mitzvah. Mikol ha-mitzvot patur. Sorry, Mikol ha-mitzvot midvar mitzvot, mikol mitzvot patur mikriat Shema. Let's see.
He's giving the big generality. He's saying anybody who is involved in a mitzvah is patur from Kriat Shema. It seems that we're equating all the cases with the chatan. Patur la-layla harishon. I don't have to pay Yom Rishon. He just said, “First night.” During the day, because of Sheik Kadesh, if palel. What about anybody else? What about the second night or the third night? So it's if you need a Friday night. It's a discussion. What about the other guy? Oh no, not what about the other guy. We said, what about the chatan and the other mitzvot? So he's patur when he's talud of that. Yes, when he's talud for that. But since during the day, like you said, the swarov, it's like the shimami is not going to be boiled by day. I don't know. When we did it, it didn't sound like that. It sounded like it was just getting boiled.
We're talking about now everything, tefillah, everything, right? So you bring the machloket (disagreement) from that to say, get married on a Wednesday night. So on Thursday morning, does he have to do tefillah or not, if he didn't boil, right? Some tell you from the first night on, he's patur until he's boiled, and some tell you no, only when it's nogea. So if during the day they have a field trip that is scheduled, you're not going to do that. He's not going to be tarud for the time, you know, so then he should do him into, you know, he doesn't do that to you. What about the third night? He's still tarud? Yes, we do. When do ma'a say it's patur that night? Yes, up until Muta'a Shabbat. What night is that patur? Whatever it is. Four nights: Wednesday night, Thursday night, Friday night, Saturday night. Are there nights? Yes. Four nights, three days. Thursday, Friday—four nights again. The only reason he's having tefillin is because tefillin is by day and he still dies by night. That's the difference. That's the difference, right? But mitzad, it's not mitzad halacha (from the perspective of Jewish law), it's mitzad practical aspect (from a practical perspective). One is patur whenever he's that, he's patur. He's patur from everything. That's the point. Whenever it is that he's patur, he's patur from everything.
Tarud Misbah is tarud (preoccupied), that he's worried about it, but he's not doing anything. No, correct. It's not a thing all the time; he's spying out, calls, whatever. Tarud of Mitzah, he does. You're doing something, you're busy with here, now, you're just...
Those who are carrying the mitzvah coffee, that's the way it would be. Yeah, but back then the family was doing it. Some people were involved in that. That's why we said last time that many poskim (halachic authorities) already held that once you give it to the other side, you're totally passive. So it's just until it's right; you're not doing it. You know, say the Samizh member is not there, they're going to do the Kibra, they're going to do the Tala, everything, to make sure that the right person is coming.
To make sure that the right person is being buried. What do you mean? That they don't switch bodies? Why would they switch the bodies? She's not buried. She's buried somewhere else. Who cares? What's the difference? You're going to—What's the difference? No, what's the difference? All right, I'm not joking. For the body, it's not the difference. Who cares? He says, “What do you mean they switch the body?” It's a family plot. A woman dies; she expects her husband to be buried next to her, and then the neighbor, he's sacralizing.
It's very rare. The great-grandmother of my sister-in-law—they moved her to Israel. That happens to how long? Two weeks. Two weeks? Decades. Maybe they did a vacuum break. That's very unusual. Maybe they were alone. They put the special spray on the face. Serious? Very rare. Very rare. How do you recognize a body 25 years later? They said the Chida. The Chida is the Chida, not the grandmother. But I'm saying, maybe this is her decade. She had seven years. That was her. He died in one of his trips. I don't know if that's his life. I don't know if I'm aware of it. So we'll find out.
Some weird place, and he died years later, like recent years. Yeah, something maybe 45 years ago. 45 years.