We'll talk about the reward a person gets for following the mitzvot (commandments). The Mishnah says that anybody who does a mitzvah—what that means is that he has an equal amount of averot (sins) and mitzvot. Not that they are equal in number, but in terms of their outcome: the measurement of the quality of the mitzvot or averot that he has. It's not a one-to-one basis. We know certain mitzvot are worth more. Certain averot are also problematic in a higher sense. So we say that if everything is equal—the reward for the mitzvot and the punishment for the averot that a person has—and then he does one more mitzvah to tip the scales and give himself more credit, more mitzvot, then this person is rewarded with tova (good), with metivin lo, we give him good. Ma'arichin lo yamav, his days are lengthened, and he's nocheil et ha'aretz, he inherits the world to come. All of these are allusions to a person who goes to olam haba (the world to come). And somebody who does not do one more mitzvah—that means he has more sins than mitzvot. He doesn't do a mitzvah to equal out the scales. He is not rewarded with good. His days are not lengthened. And he does not inherit the world to come.
Anybody who has a combination of the three things: number one, mikra, he studies Torah, Tanakh. Number two, he studies Mishnah. And then number three, he has derech eretz, he has decency. He acts properly to other people. He doesn't sin easily, like the pasuk (verse) says, “The three-ply cord doesn't cut easily.” A cord that's made up of three different components that are all strung together has a certain durability to it. It can't easily be cut. And the same thing here. A person who learns Torah, Tanakh, if he learns Mishnah, and if he has good mitzvot derech eretz, that person is very strong and fortified spiritually, and he's going to avoid averah.
And kol she'ein beyado mikra, Mishnah ve'derech eretz, eino min hayishuv, anybody who does not study the Tanakh or the Mishnah, and he doesn't behave with proper character traits and the right mitzvot, is not considered to be eino min hayishuv, is not considered to be a member of society. Society would be better without this person.