We will not talk about mitzvot (commandments) that only apply in Eretz Yisrael (the Land of Israel) and certain mitzvot that apply everywhere. The Mishnah says, “Any mitzvah that depends on land, that has to do with growing something from the ground, like not working during the Shemitah year (Sabbatical year), or terumot u'ma'asrot (priestly gifts and tithes), only apply in the Eretz (Land), in Eretz Yisrael, but not in other areas.” But mitzvot that are not dependent on land, what we’ll call mitzvot that are bodily obligations, like keeping Shabbat and putting on tefillin (phylacteries), apply whether you’re in Israel or outside the land of Israel.
But of all the land-based mitzvot that we said only apply in Eretz Yisrael, there are two exceptions. Number one is orla, the prohibition to eat from fruit that grew from a tree during the first three years of that tree’s life. The other is kil'ayim (mixed species), kil'ei hakerem, the prohibition of planting grapes together with grain. That also applies in chutz la'aretz (outside the Land of Israel), not only in Eretz Yisrael. Rabbi Eliezer omer af hadash (says, “also the new grain”). Rabbi Eliezer: even hadash, the prohibition to eat from the new crop of grain before the omer offering is brought on the second day of Pesach (Passover). All new grain is prohibited to eat until that korban (offering) of the omer is brought on the second day of Pesach, and then it’s considered to be yashan (old grain). At that point, you’re able to eat it. According to his opinion, this prohibition applies even outside of Eretz Yisrael, even though it’s a land-connected mitzvah.