A child inherits if his father left property or possessions behind, or if his mother left property and possessions behind. Here, we're going to compare the inheritance someone receives from their father with the inheritance from their mother, and apply that to how it relates to male and female children. The Mishnah says, “The same is true for a son and for a daughter if they are inheriting from their father or their mother.” In other words, a son always comes before a daughter. If there are any sons in the mix, the sons automatically inherit and the daughters do not. Whether we're talking about inheritance from a father or from a mother, the sons always come first. If there are no sons, that's when daughters are biblically entitled to some of the inheritance.
We should take note that the Gedolei HaPoskim (great halachic decisors) of later generations have all discussed that it is improper to leave out daughters from inheritance. It creates major chaos and problems with Shalom Bayit (peace in the home), and therefore they've come up with many mechanisms to enable that to happen halachically (according to Jewish law). If nothing is done, the boys automatically inherit. That's the automatic stance. Once a person dies, the male descendants inherit. And if his daughters take, they are possibly stealing because they're not entitled to anything.
Therefore, the Gedolei HaPoskim of this generation and previous generations have come up with something called the halachic will, where a person signs a will stating that his possessions are basically given away the second before his life ends, so they don't fall into inheritance mode. He's giving them as gifts right before he passes away, and if that's being done, he can give them to whoever he would like. But biblically, inheritance just goes to the boys if there are any male children.
The only difference between inheriting from a father's estate and inheriting from a mother's estate is that a Bechor (firstborn boy) takes a double portion in the estate of his father, but he would not take a double portion in the estate of his mother. A double portion is not double what the other brothers are getting, but he counts as if he's two children. Let's say there are four children, four boys, and the four boys are inheriting. The Bechor counts as two, so they'll divide everything into five portions. The Bechor would get two of those five portions, and the other three boys would get one each, for a total of five. That would only apply to a boy who is inheriting from his father's estate. But if somebody was inheriting from his mother's estate, then the boys are all equal no matter what, and there would not be a double portion for the Bechor.
Minor daughters who are below the age of Bat Mitzvah (daughter of the commandment) are automatically supported from the estate of their father if he passes away while these girls are still children. But that applies only to the fact that they are supported from their father's estate; they would not receive any support from the estate of their mother who passed away.