We spoke about what happens if a person violates the same issur (prohibition) over and over again. The person would receive only one set of Malkut (lashes), unless he was warned over and over again. Here we'll talk about what happens if a person violates several different issurim with one act. We say that he gets Malkut for every single issur, every single violation of the Torah that he does.
Here we'll talk about a case where, with one act, a person would receive eight sets of Malkut. The Mishnah says there is a case where a person could plow a single groove, a single hole in the field, and receive eight different sets of Malkut for that one act, because with his plowing he violated eight different lavin (prohibitions), as follows.
If a person was plowing—and again, this is one action—but he was using an ox and a donkey to pull the plow together, he was violating the prohibition against working animals from two different species as one. The ox and the donkey were both dedicated to the Bet HaMikdash (Holy Temple), and they were not allowed to be used. So that's the second and the third issur. They're two separate issurim because the ox, when it was dedicated to the Bet HaMikdash, could be used as a Korban (sacrifice). So he's violating the prohibition by using a potential Korban in his own field. Then the donkey, which could not be used as a Korban, was dedicated to the treasury of the Bet HaMikdash, and therefore it could be sold and the money could be used by the Bet HaMikdash. So here he's also violating the fact that he's using the property of the Bet HaMikdash, something that the Bet HaMikdash would have benefited from. So that's two and three.
Be-kilayim (mixed species) ba-kerem, if he's planting kilayim in that vineyard, he's also plowing to push dirt to the side and covering wheat, barley, and grape seeds. So he's violating the prohibition against planting all these different species together. The seeds were lying there, and the plow moved them and moved the dirt on top of them. So even though he didn't put the seeds in the ground, he violated the prohibition by planting them and covering them with dirt. That is a way to allow the seed to grow. So that's the fourth one.
U-vaShevi'it (Sabbatical year), if he did it during the Shemitah (Sabbatical year) year, he violated the issur: he was not allowed to work during the Shemitah year. Ve-Yom Tov (festival day), he could also do it on Yom Tov, violating the prohibition against working on Yom Tov. Ve-kohen (priest) ve-nazir (Nazirite) be-vet ha-tum'ah (ritual impurity), and if he was both a Kohen and a Nazir, and he was plowing in a place that was Tameh (ritually impure) from a corpse, he would be violating the prohibition of a Kohen, number seven, and then also the prohibition for a Nazir to become Tameh from a corpse. So we have eight different violations, eight different issurim coming from one action, one movement of a plow.
Chananiah ben Chakhinai omer (says), af ha-lovesh kilayim (even one who wears mixed species). This rabbi also says there could be a ninth prohibition. We have a case where somebody is wearing a Shaatnez (wool-and-linen mixture) garment and plows. He's violating the prohibition against wearing this type of garment, so therefore he would receive nine sets of Malkut.
Amru lo, eino ha-shem (They said to him: It is not of the same category). They said to Chananiah, “What are you talking about? Why would you include that? What we're talking about is within the category of plowing. Wearing Shaatnez has nothing to do with the act of plowing, so the addition of that ninth prohibition doesn't belong on our list.” Chananiah responded, “Amar lahem, af lo ha-nazir hu ha-shem.” He told him back, “Being a Nazir who becomes Tameh is also not in the same category. A Nazir becomes Tameh by touching or walking over a corpse. That has nothing to do with plowing. So if you're including the prohibition of a Nazir who becomes Tameh in your number of things that you could violate at once, I'm also throwing this in. I'm also going to include the idea that somebody cannot wear Shaatnez.”
The Bartenura explains here that the Hachamim (Sages) include the Nazir becoming Tameh because it is related to plowing: part of plowing is walking. This person had to walk in the field in order to push the plow to make the groove, to make the line in the earth. So he was walking behind it, and if something Tameh was in the field, he became Tameh because he was plowing and got close to it; he either touched it or went over it. Therefore, according to them, they'll include the Nazir becoming Tameh, but the act of wearing Shaatnez has nothing to do with plowing.