Here we'll talk about a person who swears over and over again about the same thing. The Mishnah says a person swore that he was not going to eat this loaf of bread. Then he repeats that swear over and over again: “I swear I will not eat it. I swear I will not eat it.” And then he eats it. He's only obligated to bring one korban chatat oleh veyored (variable sin offering) if he ate it, because only the first swear took effect. This is similar to the last Mishnah. We said in the last Mishnah that since he's mushba ve'omed, he's obligated to Har Sinai when he swore to keep the Torah about the mitzvot (commandments). So any swear can't piggyback on top of that. Likewise, over here, if he swore that he was not going to eat something, he's obligated by the Torah not to eat it. That becomes his new, quote-unquote, mitzvah (commandment). So if he makes another swear, “I'm not going to eat it,” he's swearing about a mitzvah of the Torah. So that doesn't take effect whatsoever. And therefore, he would only be chayav (obligated) one time.
Now we'll say: this is the type of swear that, if a person violated it on purpose, he would be liable to receive Malkot (lashes). And if he violated it by mistake, he would have to offer a korban oleh veyored (variable offering). Again, if that was unintentional. What we're saying over here is that this is the specific case where a person would receive Malkot: if a person violated something that was action-based. Here, he swore not to eat something, and his violation was an action. He did something. In that case, he would be obligated to receive Malkot. That's the only time you would receive Malkot. But if a person were in the inverse case—for example, he swore to eat something but then refrained from doing it—that person would not be liable to receive Malkot because it's a lav she'en bo ma'aseh, a lav, a violation of a Torah law that has no action. He just refrained from eating. Ein lokin alav, we would not give him Malkot. So that's an example of a case where a person would receive Malkot. It has to be action-based. Ve'al shegigatah korban oleh veyored. But if a person violated the swear unintentionally, he would have to bring korban oleh veyored, but that would apply to both versions of the violation. If he violated it by eating when he wasn't supposed to eat, or he violated it by not eating when he was supposed to eat, in both of those cases a person would have to bring a korban oleh veyored.
Now we'll introduce the next type of shevuah (oath), which is shevuat shav: a person who's a vain oath, a person who swore when there was no reason for him to, as we'll explain in the next Mishnah. “Shevuat shav chayavin al zeidona Malkot ve'al shegigatah patur,” for a vain oath, a shevuat shav, a person who violated that on purpose would receive Malkot. But if a person violated it by mistake, he's completely exempt from it. What we're saying here is that there's no idea of a korban oleh veyored for a violation by mistake of a shevuat shav; that only exists with the shevuat bitui (oath of utterance) that we were discussing.